Scientists now calculate that all living humans are related to a single woman who lived roughly 200,000 years ago in Africa.

They traced the ancestry through Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in every living person, which directly descends without recombination from Fathers...

Those who believe in "man the hunter myth" should realize that early humans had no tools on their body to kill animals, no claws, no big mouth with sharp teeth which could mouth their prey and also kill it, and were neither endowed with great speed to run after their prey. Re enforcing this Charles Darwin said human was a social animal, working as a corporate body, hunting in groups, devising ways of avoiding hand to hand combat with their prey like frightening them with noise, trapping them etc, and only becoming aggressive to “protect”.

Since 80% of the food came from plant sources and the amount of food to be carried around could not be lifted by a single person, it was pretty much the whole family out there as a team looking for food. If we learn from the current societies who continue the primitive practices it women's role in what to gather, out of a couple of thousand species found in their original habitat, was critical. Women’s invention of food sharing as part of the extended care for their children was another way of group co ordination and team work in hunting.

The whole society worked as a team and contrary to the popular belief individuality was not restricted, rather celebrated. Each person had a role to play in the society and roles could be defined or redefined based on individual choices. Examples abound in history of people moving in between castes even in India in Vedic times. A sense of right or wrong prevailed on the basis of what was good for the society at a long term basis (native Americans and Indians put all of their action on to test of whether the action could be sustained for seven generations).

Undoubtedly, having access to the means of production ensured that members of such cultures did not have to place themselves in situations which could produce a servile character structure. As they did not have to follow the orders of a boss they did not have to learn to obey others and so could develop their own abilities to govern themselves. This self-government allowed the development of a custom in such tribes called "the principle of non-interference" in anthropology. This is the principle within of defending someone's right to express the opposing view and it is a pervasive principle in the "primitive" world, and it is so much so as to be safely called a "universal".

The Cherokees, for example, in the 1870s, "land was held collectively and life was contented and prosperous" with the Department of the Interior recognising that it was "a miracle of progress, with successful production by people living in considerable comfort, a level of education 'equal to that furnished by an ordinary college in the States,' flourishing industry and commerce, an effective constitutional government, a high level of literacy, and a state of 'civilization and enlightenment' comparable to anything known: 'What required five hundred years for the Britons to accomplish in this direction they have accomplished in one hundred years,' the Department declared in wonder." [Noam Chomsky, Year 501, p. 231]( read more .....)